Kaolin wani ma'adinai ne da ba na ƙarfe ba, wanda nau'in dutse ne na yumbu da yumbu wanda galibi ya ƙunshi ma'adanai na yumbu na ƙungiyar kaolinite. Saboda launinsa mai laushi da fari, ana kuma kiransa da ƙasar Baiyun. An sanya masa suna bayan ƙauyen Gaoling da ke Jingdezhen, Lardin Jiangxi.

Tsarkakken kaolin ɗinsa fari ne, mai laushi, kuma mai laushi, yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da sinadarai kamar su ƙarfin lantarki da juriya ga wuta. Abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adinansa galibi sun ƙunshi kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, da kuma ma'adanai kamar quartz da feldspar. Kaolin yana da amfani iri-iri, galibi ana amfani da shi wajen yin takarda, yumbu, da kayan da ba sa jure wa iska, sai kuma shafa fenti, cika roba, glazes na enamel, da kayan siminti na farin siminti. A ƙanƙanin adadi, ana amfani da shi a cikin filastik, fenti, launuka, ƙafafun niƙa, fensir, kayan kwalliya na yau da kullun, sabulu, magungunan kashe ƙwari, magunguna, yadi, man fetur, sinadarai, kayan gini, tsaron ƙasa da sauran sassan masana'antu.

Halayen tsari
Naɗe Farin Haske

Farin fata yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sigogi na aikin fasaha na kaolin, kuma kaolin mai tsarkin gaske fari ne. Farin fata na kaolin an raba shi zuwa fari na halitta da fari na calcined. Ga kayan yumbu, farin fata bayan calcined ya fi mahimmanci, kuma mafi girman farin fata na calcined, ingancinsa zai fi kyau. Tsarin yumbu ya tanadar cewa bushewa a 105 ℃ shine ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin farin fata na halitta, kuma calcined a 1300 ℃ shine ma'aunin ma'aunin farin fata na calcined. Ana iya auna farin fata ta amfani da mitar fari. Mita fari tana auna haske na 3800-7000Å Na'urar auna haske na haske a tsawon tsayi na (watau, 1 angstrom = 0.1 nanometers). A cikin ma'aunin fari, ana kwatanta hasken samfurin gwaji da na samfurin da aka saba (kamar BaSO4, MgO, da sauransu), wanda ke haifar da ƙimar fari (kamar farin 90, wanda yayi daidai da 90% na hasken samfurin da aka saba).

Haske wani tsari ne mai kama da farin haske, daidai yake da 4570Å Farin haske a ƙarƙashin hasken hasken (angstrom) mai tsawon rai.

Launin kaolin yana da alaƙa da ƙarfe oxides ko kwayoyin halitta da ke cikinsa. Gabaɗaya yana ɗauke da Fe2O3, yana kama da ja da launin ruwan kasa rawaya; Yana ɗauke da Fe2+, yana kama da shuɗi mai haske da kore mai haske; Yana ɗauke da MnO2, yana kama da launin ruwan kasa mai haske; Idan ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta, yana bayyana a cikin rawaya mai haske, launin toka, shuɗi, baƙi da sauran launuka. Waɗannan ƙazanta suna wanzuwa, suna rage farin kaolin na halitta. Daga cikinsu, ma'adanai na ƙarfe da titanium suma suna iya shafar farin calcine, suna haifar da tabo na launi ko tabo na narkewa a kan faranti.

Rarraba girman barbashi
Rarraba girman barbashi yana nufin rabon barbashi a cikin kaolin na halitta a cikin wani tsari mai ci gaba na girman barbashi daban-daban (wanda aka bayyana a cikin milimita ko ragar micrometer), wanda aka bayyana a cikin kashi-kashi. Halayen rarraba girman barbashi na kaolin suna da matuƙar mahimmanci ga zaɓin da aiwatar da ma'adanai. Girman barbashi yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfinsa, dankowar laka, ƙarfin musayar ion, samar da aiki, aikin bushewa, da aikin harbawa. Ma'adinan Kaolin yana buƙatar sarrafa fasaha, kuma ko yana da sauƙin sarrafawa zuwa ga ƙarancin da ake buƙata ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodi don kimanta ingancin ma'adinan. Kowace sashen masana'antu tana da takamaiman buƙatu don girman barbashi da ƙarancin kaolin don dalilai daban-daban. Idan Amurka tana buƙatar kaolin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman shafi ya zama ƙasa da 2 μ Abubuwan da ke cikin m sun kai 90-95%, kuma kayan cika takarda ƙasa da 2 μ M sun kai 78-80%.

Naɗe ɗaure
Mannewa yana nufin ikon kaolin na haɗuwa da kayan da ba na filastik ba don samar da tarin laka na filastik kuma yana da ɗan ƙarfin bushewa. Ƙin tantance ƙarfin ɗaurewa ya haɗa da ƙara yashi na quartz na yau da kullun (tare da yawan abun ciki na 0.25-0.15 girman barbashi wanda ya kai kashi 70% da kuma 0.15-0.09mm girman barbashi wanda ya kai kashi 30%) ga kaolin. Idan aka yi la'akari da tsayinsa bisa ga mafi girman abun ciki na yashi lokacin da har yanzu yana iya riƙe nauyin yumbu na filastik da ƙarfin lanƙwasa bayan bushewa, ƙarin yashi da aka ƙara, ƙarfin ɗaure wannan kaolin yana ƙaruwa. Yawanci, kaolin mai ƙarfi yana da ƙarfin ɗaurewa mai ƙarfi.

Mannawa mai naɗewa
Danko yana nufin halayyar ruwa wanda ke hana kwararar sa saboda gogayya ta ciki. Girman sa (yana aiki akan yanki na 1 na gogayya ta ciki) ana wakilta shi ta hanyar danko, a cikin raka'o'in Pa · s. Ana auna tantance danko ta amfani da na'urar auna juyawa, wacce ke auna saurin juyawa a cikin laka ta kaolin wacce ke dauke da kashi 70% na abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi. A cikin tsarin samarwa, danko yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ba wai kawai muhimmin ma'auni bane a masana'antar yumbu, har ma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga masana'antar yin takarda. A cewar bayanai, lokacin amfani da kaolin a matsayin shafi a ƙasashen waje, ana buƙatar danko ya zama kusan 0.5Pa · s don murfin da ke da ƙarancin gudu da ƙasa da 1.5Pa · s don murfin da ke da sauri.

Thixotropy yana nufin halayen da slurry ɗin da aka yi kauri ya zama gel kuma ba ya gudana ya zama ruwa bayan an matsa masa, sannan a hankali ya yi kauri zuwa yanayin asali bayan ya kasance mai tsauri. Ana amfani da ma'aunin kauri don wakiltar girmansa, kuma ana auna shi ta amfani da viscometer na fitarwa da viscometer na capillary.

Danko da thixotropy suna da alaƙa da abun da ke cikin ma'adinai, girman barbashi, da nau'in cation a cikin laka. Gabaɗaya, waɗanda ke da babban abun ciki na montmorillonite, ƙananan barbashi, da sodium a matsayin babban cation mai musanya suna da babban danko da kuma kauri mai yawa. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan tsari, ana amfani da hanyoyi kamar ƙara yumbu mai filastik sosai da inganta laushi don inganta danko da thixotropy, yayin da ake amfani da hanyoyi kamar ƙara yawan electrolyte da ruwa don rage shi.