Graphite nau'i ne na carbon crystalline.Tsarin crystal hexagonal, a cikin tawada ƙarfe zuwa launin toka mai duhu.Girman 2.25 g/cm3, taurin 1.5, wurin narkewa 3652 ℃, wurin tafasa 4827 ℃.Mai laushi a cikin rubutu, tare da santsi da jin kai.Abubuwan sinadarai ba sa aiki, juriya, kuma ba sa saurin amsawa tare da acid, alkalis, da sauransu. Ƙarfafa zafi a cikin iska ko oxygen na iya ƙonewa da haifar da carbon dioxide.Ƙarfafa oxidants za su oxidize shi zuwa Organic acid.An yi amfani da shi azaman wakili na hana gogayya da kayan mai mai, yin crucibles, electrodes, busassun batura, da jagorar fensir.Za'a iya amfani da graphite mai tsafta azaman mai daidaitawa na neutron a cikin injinan nukiliya.Ana yawan kiransa da gawayi ko baƙar fata saboda a baya an yi kuskuren da gubar.

Babban amfani da graphite:

1. An yi amfani da shi azaman kayan haɓakawa: Graphite da samfuran sa suna da kaddarorin juriya da ƙarfin zafin jiki, kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antar ƙarfe don kera kayan aikin graphite.A cikin ƙera ƙarfe, graphite galibi ana amfani da shi azaman wakili na kariya don ingots na ƙarfe da kuma azaman rufin murhun ƙarfe.

2. A matsayin conductive abu: amfani a cikin lantarki masana'antu don kerarre lantarki, goge, carbon sanduna, carbon shambura, m lantarki ga mercury tabbatacce halin yanzu transformers, graphite gaskets, tarho sassa, coatings ga talabijin shambura, da dai sauransu.

3. A matsayin kayan shafawa mai juriya: Graphite galibi ana amfani dashi azaman mai mai a cikin masana'antar injina.Lubricating man sau da yawa ba za a iya amfani da a karkashin high-gudun, high-zazzabi, da kuma high-matsi yanayi, yayin da graphite lalacewa-resistant kayan iya aiki ba tare da lubricating mai a high zamiya gudu a yanayin zafi na 200-2000 ℃.Yawancin na'urorin da ke jigilar kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata an yi su da kayan graphite don yin kofuna na piston, zoben rufewa, da bearings, waɗanda ba sa buƙatar ƙara mai mai mai yayin aiki.Emulsion graphite shima mai kyau ne don sarrafa ƙarfe da yawa (zanen waya, zanen bututu).

4. Graphite yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.Musamman sarrafa graphite yana da halaye na lalata juriya, mai kyau thermal watsin, da kuma low permeability, kuma ana amfani da ko'ina wajen samar da zafi musayar, dauki tankuna, condensers, konewa hasumiyai, sha hasumiyai, coolers, heaters, tacewa, da famfo kayan aiki.Yadu amfani a masana'antu sassa kamar petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, acid-tushe samar, roba zaruruwa, papermaking, da dai sauransu, zai iya ajiye wani babban adadin karfe kayan.

Iri-iri na graphite da ba za a iya jurewa ba ya bambanta cikin juriya na lalata saboda resins daban-daban da ya ƙunshi.Phenolic resin impregnators suna jure acid amma ba juriya na alkaline ba;Furfuryl barasa resin impregnators ne duka acid da alkali juriya.A zafi juriya na daban-daban iri kuma bambanta: carbon da graphite iya jure 2000-3000 ℃ a rage yanayi, da kuma fara oxidize a 350 ℃ da 400 ℃ bi da bi a cikin wani oxidizing yanayi;Bambance-bambancen nau'in graphite da ba za a iya jurewa ba ya bambanta da wakili mai ɗaukar ciki, kuma gabaɗaya yana da juriya da zafi zuwa ƙasa da 180 ℃ ta hanyar yin ciki da barasa phenolic ko furfuryl.

5. An yi amfani da shi don yin simintin gyare-gyare, sanding, gyare-gyare, da kayan ƙarfe masu zafi mai zafi: Saboda ƙananan haɓakaccen haɓakaccen zafi na graphite da ikonsa na jure wa canje-canje a cikin saurin sanyaya da dumama, ana iya amfani da shi azaman ƙira don gilashin gilashi.Bayan amfani da graphite, baƙin ƙarfe na iya samun madaidaicin ma'aunin simintin gyare-gyare, ɗorewa mai faɗi da yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi ba tare da sarrafawa ba ko kaɗan kaɗan, don haka adana adadi mai yawa na ƙarfe.Samar da manyan gami da sauran matakan ƙarfe na foda yawanci ya haɗa da amfani da kayan graphite don yin kwale-kwalen yumbu don latsawa da sintering.Ƙaƙƙarfan ci gaban kristal, kwandon tace yanki, kayan tallafi, injin induction, da dai sauransu na silicon monocrystalline duk ana sarrafa su daga graphite mai tsafta.Bugu da kari, graphite kuma za a iya amfani da graphite rufi allo da kuma tushe ga injin smelting, tare da high zafin jiki juriya.

6. Ana amfani da shi a masana'antar makamashin atomic da masana'antar tsaro ta ƙasa: Graphite yana da kyawawan na'urori masu daidaitawa na neutron don amfani da su a cikin injina na atomatik, kuma ma'aunin uranium-graphite reactors sune nau'in injin da ake amfani da shi sosai.The deceleration kayan amfani a atomic reactors domin iko ya kamata ya sami babban narkewa, kwanciyar hankali, da lalata juriya, da kuma graphite iya cika sama da bukatun.Bukatar tsabta don graphite da aka yi amfani da shi azaman mai sarrafa atomic yana da girma sosai, kuma abun cikin ƙazanta bai kamata ya wuce ɗimbin PPMs ba.Musamman, abun cikin boron yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 0.5PPM.A cikin masana'antar tsaro ta ƙasa, ana kuma amfani da graphite don kera nozzles don rokoki masu ƙarfi na man fetur, cones don makamai masu linzami, abubuwan da aka haɗa don kayan kewaya sararin samaniya, kayan kariya, da kayan kariya na radiation.

7. Graphite kuma na iya hana bushewar tukunyar jirgi.Gwaje-gwajen naúrar da suka dace sun nuna cewa ƙara wani adadin foda na graphite (kimanin gram 4-5 a kowace tan na ruwa) zuwa ruwa na iya hana ƙurawar saman tukunyar jirgi.Bugu da kari, graphite shafi a kan karafa bututun hayaki, rufin, gadoji, da bututu na iya hana lalata da tsatsa.

8. Za a iya amfani da zane a matsayin fensir gubar, pigment, da polishing wakili.Bayan aiki na musamman, za a iya yin graphite zuwa kayan musamman na musamman don amfani a sassan masana'antu masu dacewa.

9. Electrode: Graphite yana da kyakkyawan aiki da ƙarancin juriya.Ana iya samar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite don narke murhun wuta da tanderun wutar lantarki a masana'antar ƙarfe da silicon.