Bentonite ma'adinai ne wanda ba na ƙarfe ba, wanda montmorillonite shine babban ɓangaren ma'adinai. Tsarin montmorillonite tsari ne na lu'ulu'u mai nau'in 2: 1 wanda ya ƙunshi tetrahedrons guda biyu na silicon oxide waɗanda aka yi musu sandwici tare da Layer na aluminum oxide octahedron. Saboda tsarin da aka yi da lu'ulu'u na montmorillonite, akwai wasu cations, kamar Cu, Mg, Na, K, da sauransu, kuma hulɗar da ke tsakanin waɗannan cations da lu'ulu'u na montmorillonite ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, wanda yake da sauƙin musanya ta wasu cations, don haka yana da kyawawan kaddarorin musayar ion. A ƙasashen waje, an yi amfani da shi a sassa sama da 100 a fannoni 24 na samar da masana'antu da noma, tare da samfura sama da 300, don haka mutane suna kiransa "ƙasa ta duniya".

Ana kuma kiran Bentonite da bentonite, bentonite, ko bentonite. China tana da dogon tarihi na haɓakawa da amfani da bentonite, wanda a da ake amfani da shi kawai a matsayin sabulun wanki. (Akwai ma'adanai a buɗe a yankin Renshou na Sichuan ɗaruruwan shekaru da suka gabata, kuma mutanen yankin suna kiransa da bentonite solar powder.). An yi amfani da shi sosai tsawon sama da shekaru ɗari. Binciken farko a Amurka ya kasance a cikin tsohon yanki na Wyoming, inda aka haɗa yumbu mai launin rawaya-kore, wanda zai iya faɗaɗa zuwa manna bayan ƙara ruwa, tare da kiransa bentonite. A zahiri, babban ɓangaren ma'adinai na bentonite shine montmorillonite, tare da abun ciki na 85-90%. Wasu kaddarorin bentonite suma montmorillonite ne ke tantance su. Montmorillonite na iya ɗaukar launuka daban-daban kamar kore mai launin rawaya, fari mai launin rawaya, launin toka, fari, da sauransu. Yana iya samar da dunƙule masu yawa ko ƙasa mai laushi, tare da jin santsi lokacin da aka shafa da yatsun hannu. Bayan ƙara ruwa, ƙaramin jiki yana faɗaɗa sau da yawa zuwa sau 20-30 a girma, kuma yana bayyana a rataye a cikin ruwa. Idan babu ruwa sosai, yana kama da mai kumfa. Halayen montmorillonite suna da alaƙa da sinadaran da ke cikinsa da kuma tsarinsa na ciki.

Ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa ta halitta

Wato, yumɓun fari na halitta wanda ke da kaddarorin bleaching na ciki shine yumɓu fari mai launin toka wanda galibi ya ƙunshi montmorillonite, albite, da quartz, kuma nau'in bentonite ne.

Yawanci samfurinsa na ruɓewar dutsen volcanic mai kama da wuta ne, wanda ba ya faɗaɗa bayan ya sha ruwa, kuma ƙimar pH na dakatarwar acid ne mai rauni, wanda ya bambanta da alkaline bentonite; Aikin bleaching ɗinsa ya fi muni fiye da na yumbu mai aiki. Launuka gabaɗaya sun haɗa da rawaya mai haske, fari kore, launin toka, launin zaitun, launin ruwan kasa, farin madara, ja peach, shuɗi, da sauransu. Kadan ne kawai fari mai tsabta. Yawan: 2.7-2.9g/cm. Yawan da ake gani sau da yawa yana da ƙasa saboda porosity. Haɗin sinadarai yana kama da na yumbu na yau da kullun, tare da manyan abubuwan sinadarai sune aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, ruwa, da ƙaramin adadin ƙarfe, magnesium, calcium, da sauransu. Babu plasticity, yawan sha. Saboda yawan sinadarin hydrous silicic acid, yana da acidic zuwa litmus. Ruwa yana da saurin fashewa kuma yana da yawan ruwa. Gabaɗaya, mafi ƙarancin laushi, mafi girman ƙarfin canza launi.

A lokacin binciken, lokacin da ake gudanar da kimanta inganci, ya zama dole a auna aikin bleaching ɗinsa, acidity, aikin tacewa, shan mai, da sauran abubuwa.

Ma'adinan Bentonite
Ma'adinan Bentonite ma'adinai ne mai amfani da yawa, kuma ingancinsa da filayen aikace-aikacensa sun dogara ne akan abun ciki da siffa na montmorillonite da halayen sinadarai na lu'ulu'u. Saboda haka, haɓakawa da amfani da shi dole ne ya bambanta daga nawa zuwa nawa da kuma daga aiki zuwa aiki. Misali, samar da yumbu mai aiki, tushen calcium zuwa tushen sodium, haƙa grouting don haƙa mai, maye gurbin sitaci azaman slurry don juyawa, bugawa da rini, amfani da rufin bango na ciki da waje akan kayan gini, shirya bentonite na halitta, haɗa zeolite 4A daga bentonite, samar da farin carbon black, da sauransu.

Bambanci tsakanin tushen calcium da tushen sodium

Ana tantance nau'in bentonite ta hanyar nau'in cation mai layi a cikin bentonite. Idan cation mai layi a cikin Na+, ana kiransa bentonite mai tushe a cikin sodium; bentonite mai tushe a cikin calcium ana kiransa lokacin da cation mai layi a cikin Layer shine Ca+. Sodium montmorillonite (ko sodium bentonite) yana da kyawawan halaye fiye da bentonite mai tushe a cikin calcium. Duk da haka, rarraba ƙasa mai tushe a cikin calcareous a duniya ya fi faɗi fiye da ƙasa mai tushe a cikin sodium. Saboda haka, baya ga ƙarfafa neman ƙasa mai tushe a cikin sodium, ya zama dole a gyara ƙasa mai tushe a cikin calcareous don ta zama ƙasa mai tushe a cikin sodium.