Haɗa masu yanke shawara zuwa cibiyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi ta bayanai, mutane da ra'ayoyi, Bloomberg yana isar da bayanai na kasuwanci da kuɗi, labarai da fahimta a duk duniya cikin sauri da daidaito.
Haɗa masu yanke shawara zuwa cibiyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi ta bayanai, mutane da ra'ayoyi, Bloomberg yana isar da bayanai na kasuwanci da kuɗi, labarai da fahimta a duk duniya cikin sauri da daidaito.
PepsiCo da Coca-Cola sun yi alƙawarin daina fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masu zuwa, amma domin cimma burinsu, suna buƙatar magance matsalar da suka taimaka wajen haifarwa: mummunan ƙimar sake amfani da shi a Amurka.
Lokacin da Coca-Cola, Pepsi da Keurig Dr Pepper suka ƙididdige fitar da hayakin carbon a shekarar 2020, sakamakon ya kasance abin mamaki: Manyan kamfanonin shaye-shaye guda uku a duniya sun haɗa kai wajen fitar da tan miliyan 121 na iskar gas ta endothermic zuwa sararin samaniya - wanda ya ninka yanayin da Belgium ke ciki.
Yanzu haka, manyan kamfanonin soda suna alƙawarin inganta yanayi sosai. Pepsi da Coca-Cola sun yi alƙawarin kawar da duk wani hayaki mai gurbata muhalli cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da Dr. Pepper ya yi alƙawarin rage gurɓatattun yanayi da aƙalla kashi 15% nan da shekarar 2030.
Amma domin samun ci gaba mai ma'ana a kan manufofinsu na yanayi, kamfanonin giya da farko suna buƙatar shawo kan wata matsala mai cutarwa da suka taimaka wajen haifarwa: mummunan ƙimar sake amfani da kayan masarufi a Amurka.
Abin mamaki, yawan samar da kwalaben filastik yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga tasirin yanayin masana'antar abin sha. Yawancin robobi sune polyethylene terephthalate, ko "PET," waɗanda sassansu an samo su ne daga mai da iskar gas sannan kuma suna wucewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban masu amfani da makamashi.
Kowace shekara, kamfanonin sha na Amurka suna samar da kimanin biliyan 100 na waɗannan kwalaben filastik don sayar da soda, ruwa, abubuwan sha na makamashi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A duk duniya, Kamfanin Coca-Cola kaɗai ya samar da kwalaben filastik biliyan 125 a bara—kimanin 4,000 a kowace daƙiƙa. Samar da da zubar da wannan filastik mai kama da na zaftarewar dusar ƙanƙara ya kai kashi 30 cikin ɗari na sawun carbon na Coca-Cola, ko kuma kimanin tan miliyan 15 a kowace shekara. Wannan yayi daidai da gurɓataccen yanayi daga ɗayan tashoshin wutar lantarki mafi ƙazanta da ake amfani da su a cikin kwal.
Hakan kuma yana haifar da sharar gida mai ban mamaki. A cewar Ƙungiyar Albarkatun Kwantena ta Ƙasa (NAPCOR), nan da shekarar 2020, kashi 26.6% ne kawai na kwalaben PET a Amurka za a sake yin amfani da su, yayin da sauran za a ƙone su, a sanya su a cikin shara ko kuma a jefar da su a matsayin shara. A wasu sassan ƙasar, lamarin ya fi muni. A Gundumar Miami-Dade, gundumar da ta fi yawan jama'a a Florida, kwalaben filastik 1 cikin 100 ne kawai ake sake yin amfani da su. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar sake yin amfani da su a Amurka ta kasance ƙasa da kashi 30% a cikin mafi yawan shekaru 20 da suka gabata, tana bayan yawancin ƙasashe kamar Lithuania (90%), Sweden (86%) da Mexico (53%). "Amurka ita ce ƙasa mafi ɓarna," in ji Elizabeth Barkan, darektan ayyukan Arewacin Amurka a Reloop Platform, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke yaƙi da gurɓataccen marufi.
Duk wannan sharar babbar dama ce da aka rasa ga yanayi. Lokacin da aka sake yin amfani da kwalaben soda na filastik, suna rikidewa zuwa sabbin kayayyaki iri-iri, gami da kafet, tufafi, kwantena na deli, har ma da sabbin kwalaben soda. A cewar wani bincike da kamfanin Franklin Associates ya gudanar, kwalaben PET da aka yi da filastik da aka sake yin amfani da su suna samar da kashi 40 cikin 100 na iskar gas da ke taruwa da zafi da kwalaben da aka yi da filastik mara kyau ke samarwa.
Ganin cewa kamfanonin shaye-shaye sun samu damar rage tasirinsu, kamfanonin shaye-shaye sun yi alƙawarin amfani da ƙarin PET da aka sake yin amfani da su a cikin kwalaben su. Coca-Cola, Dr Pepper da Pepsi sun yi alƙawarin samun kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na marufin filastik ɗin su daga kayan da aka sake yin amfani da su nan da shekarar 2025, kuma Coca-Cola da Pepsi sun yi alƙawarin samun kashi 50 cikin ɗari nan da shekarar 2030. (A yau, Coca-Cola tana da kashi 13.6 cikin ɗari, Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. tana da kashi 11 cikin ɗari kuma PepsiCo tana da kashi 6 cikin ɗari).
Amma mummunan tarihin sake amfani da kayan masarufi a ƙasar yana nufin babu isassun kwalaben da aka kwato don kamfanonin shaye-shaye su cimma burinsu. NAPCOR ta kiyasta cewa yawan sake amfani da kayan masarufi a Amurka da ya daɗe yana buƙatar ninkawa nan da shekarar 2025 da kuma ninkawa nan da shekarar 2030 don samar da isasshen wadata ga ayyukan masana'antu. "Mafi mahimmancin abu shine samuwar kwalaben," in ji Alexandra Tennant, mai sharhi kan sake amfani da kayan filastik a Wood Mackenzie Ltd.
Amma masana'antar shaye-shaye da kanta ce ke da alhakin ƙarancin. Masana'antar ta shafe shekaru da dama tana fafutukar neman ƙarin amfani da kwantena. Misali, tun daga shekarar 1971, jihohi 10 sun zartar da abin da ake kira takardar kuɗin kwalba wanda ke ƙara ajiyar cent 5 ko cent 10 ga kwantena na abin sha. Abokan ciniki suna biyan ƙarin kuɗi a gaba kuma suna samun kuɗinsu lokacin da suka mayar da kwalbar. Darajar kwantena marasa komai yana haifar da hauhawar farashin sake amfani da su: A cewar Cibiyar Sake Amfani da Kwantena Mai Zaman Kanta, ana sake yin amfani da kwalaben PET kashi 57 cikin ɗari a jihohi ɗaya da ke da kwalabe da kuma kashi 17 cikin ɗari a wasu jihohi.
Duk da nasarar da ta samu, kamfanonin giya sun yi haɗin gwiwa da wasu masana'antu, kamar shagunan kayan abinci da masu jigilar shara, tsawon shekaru da dama don soke irin waɗannan shawarwari a wasu jihohi da dama, suna cewa tsarin ajiya mafita ce mara inganci, kuma haraji ne mara adalci wanda ke hana sayar da kayayyakinta kuma yana cutar da tattalin arziki. Tun lokacin da Hawaii ta zartar da dokar kwalba a 2002, babu wata shawara ta jiha da ta tsira daga irin wannan adawa. "Yana ba su sabon matakin alhakin da suka kauce wa a waɗannan jihohi 40," in ji Judith Enck, shugabar Beyond Plastics kuma tsohuwar shugabar yankin Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka. "Ba sa son ƙarin kuɗin."
Coca-Cola, Pepsi da Dr. Pepper duk sun bayyana a rubuce a cikin martanin da suka bayar cewa da gaske suke yi game da ƙirƙirar marufi don rage sharar gida da sake amfani da ƙarin kwantena. Duk da cewa jami'an masana'antu sun yarda cewa sun daɗe suna adawa da dokar kwalaben, sun ce sun sauya hanya kuma a shirye suke su ga duk hanyoyin da za su iya magance matsalolinsu. "Muna aiki tare da abokan hulɗar muhalli da 'yan majalisa a faɗin ƙasar waɗanda suka yarda cewa yanayin da ake ciki ba abin yarda ba ne kuma za mu iya yin abin da ya fi kyau," in ji William DeMaudie, mataimakin shugaban harkokin jama'a na American Beverage Industry Group, a cikin wata sanarwa da aka rubuta Say.
Duk da haka, 'yan majalisa da yawa da ke aiki don magance matsalar sharar filastik da ke ƙaruwa har yanzu suna fuskantar turjiya daga masana'antar giya. "Abin da suke faɗa shi ne abin da suke faɗa," in ji Sarah Love, wakiliya a Majalisar Dokokin Maryland. Kwanan nan ta gabatar da wata doka don haɓaka sake amfani da ita ta hanyar ƙara ajiyar cent 10 a cikin kwalaben giya." Sun ƙi amincewa da hakan, ba su so ba. Madadin haka, sun yi waɗannan alkawuran cewa babu wanda zai ɗora musu alhakinsu."
Kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kwalaben filastik da ake sake yin amfani da su a Amurka, waɗanda aka naɗe su a cikin mazubi masu ɗaure, kowannensu girman ƙaramin mota, sannan aka kai su masana'antar da ke Vernon, California, abin mamaki ne. Garuruwan masana'antu suna da nisan mil daga manyan gine-ginen sama masu walƙiya na tsakiyar birnin Los Angeles.
A nan, a cikin wani babban gini mai girman katangar jirgin sama, rPlanet Earth tana karɓar kimanin kwalaben PET biliyan 2 da aka yi amfani da su kowace shekara daga shirye-shiryen sake amfani da su a faɗin jihar. A tsakiyar hayaniya mai ƙarfi na injunan masana'antu, kwalaben sun yi ƙara yayin da suke tashi da kashi uku cikin huɗu na mil tare da bel ɗin jigilar kaya kuma suna yawo a masana'antu, inda aka tace su, aka yanka su, aka wanke su kuma aka narke su. Bayan kimanin awanni 20, filastik ɗin da aka sake yin amfani da shi ya zo a cikin sabbin kofuna, kwantena na deli, ko "prefabs," kwantena masu girman bututun gwaji waɗanda daga baya aka hura su cikin kwalaben filastik.
A cikin wani ɗakin taro mai kafet wanda ke kallon bene mai faɗi da cunkoso na masana'antar, Shugaban Kamfanin rPlanet Earth, Bob Daviduk, ya ce kamfanin yana sayar da kayan sawa ga kamfanonin kwalba, waɗanda waɗannan kamfanoni ke amfani da su don shirya manyan nau'ikan abubuwan sha. Amma ya ƙi ambaton takamaiman abokan ciniki, yana kiran su da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da kasuwanci.
Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da masana'antar a shekarar 2019, David Duke ya bayyana a bainar jama'a burinsa na gina aƙalla ƙarin wuraren sake yin amfani da filastik guda uku a wasu wurare a Amurka. Amma kowace masana'anta tana kashe kimanin dala miliyan 200, kuma rPlanet Earth har yanzu ba ta zaɓi wurin da za ta yi amfani da shi ba. Babban ƙalubalen shine ƙarancin kwalaben filastik da aka sake yin amfani da su yana sa ya yi wuya a sami wadataccen kayayyaki mai araha da inganci. "Wannan shine babban cikas," in ji shi. "Muna buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki."
Alƙawarin masana'antar abin sha na iya faɗuwa kafin a gina wasu masana'antu da dama. "Muna cikin babban rikici," in ji Omar Abuaita, babban jami'in gudanarwa na Evergreen Recycling, wanda ke gudanar da masana'antu huɗu a Arewacin Amurka kuma yana canza kwalaben PET biliyan 11 da aka yi amfani da su kowace shekara zuwa resin filastik da aka sake yin amfani da su, yawancinsu suna ƙarewa a cikin sabuwar kwalba. "Ina kuke samun kayan da kuke buƙata?"
Ba a ƙaddara kwalaben shaye-shaye su zama babbar matsalar yanayi da ake fuskanta a yau ba. Shekaru ɗari da suka wuce, masu sayar da kwalba na Coca-Cola sun fara amfani da tsarin ajiya na farko, suna karɓar kobo ɗaya ko biyu a kowace kwalbar gilashi. Abokan ciniki suna samun kuɗinsu idan suka mayar da kwalbar zuwa shago.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, adadin dawowar kwalaben shaye-shaye a Amurka ya kai kashi 96%. A cewar littafin masanin tarihin muhalli na Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, Bartow J. Elmore, matsakaicin adadin tafiye-tafiyen da ake yi don kwalban gilashin Coca-Cola daga kwalba zuwa mai amfani zuwa mai kwalba a cikin wannan shekarun ya ninka sau 22.
Lokacin da Coca-Cola da sauran masu yin abin sha masu laushi suka fara canzawa zuwa gwangwanin ƙarfe da aluminum a shekarun 1960—da kuma daga baya, kwalaben filastik, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a yau—abin da ya haifar da wannan bala'in shara ya haifar da suka. Tsawon shekaru, masu fafutuka sun yi kira ga masu sayayya da su mayar da kwantenansu na soda marasa komai ga shugaban Coca-Cola da saƙon "Ku dawo da shi ku sake amfani da shi!"
Kamfanonin sha sun yi fafutuka da littafin wasan kwaikwayo wanda zai zama nasu tsawon shekaru da dama masu zuwa. Maimakon ɗaukar alhakin yawan sharar da ke tattare da ƙaura zuwa kwantena masu amfani da su ɗaya, sun yi aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar fahimtar cewa alhakin jama'a ne. Misali, Coca-Cola ta ƙaddamar da wani kamfen na talla a farkon shekarun 1970 wanda ya nuna wata kyakkyawar budurwa tana durƙusawa don ɗaukar shara. "Lanƙwasa kaɗan," in ji wani allon talla mai rubutu mai kauri. "Ku kiyaye Amurka da tsabta."
Masana'antar ta haɗa wannan saƙon da martani ga dokar da ke ƙoƙarin magance rudanin da ke ƙaruwa. A shekarar 1970, masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar Washington sun kusan zartar da doka da ta haramta kwalaben da ba za a iya mayarwa ba, amma sun rasa ƙuri'unsu sakamakon adawa daga masu yin abin sha. Shekara guda bayan haka, Oregon ta zartar da dokar farko ta kwalba a ƙasar, inda ta ƙara adadin kwalaben da aka ajiye na 5-cent, kuma babban lauyan jihar ya yi mamakin rudanin siyasa: "Ban taɓa ganin mutane da yawa da suka yi fice a kan matsin lamba daga mutum ɗaya ba. Kuɗi," in ji shi.
A shekarar 1990, Coca-Cola ta sanar da alƙawarin farko na kamfanin giya na ƙara yawan amfani da robobi da aka sake yin amfani da su a cikin kwantena, a daidai lokacin da ake ƙara damuwa game da zubar da shara a wuraren zubar da shara. Ta yi alƙawarin sayar da kwalaben da aka yi da kashi 25 cikin ɗari na kayan da aka sake yin amfani da su - wannan adadi da ta yi alƙawarin yi a yau, kuma kamfanin giya mai laushi yanzu ya ce za su kai ga wannan burin nan da shekarar 2025, kimanin shekaru 35 bayan burin Coca-Cola na asali.
Kamfanin giya yana fitar da sabbin alkawuran da ba su dace ba duk bayan shekaru kaɗan bayan da Coca-Cola ta kasa cimma burinta na asali, inda ta yi nuni da hauhawar farashin robobi da aka sake yin amfani da su. Coca-Cola ta yi alƙawarin sake yin amfani da su ko sake amfani da kashi 100 cikin 100 na kwalaben PET ɗinta a Amurka, yayin da PepsiCo ta ce a shekarar 2010 za ta ƙara yawan sake yin amfani da kwantena na abin sha na Amurka zuwa kashi 50 cikin 100 nan da shekarar 2018. Manufar ta kwantar da hankalin masu fafutuka kuma ta sami kyakkyawan rahoto daga manema labarai, amma a cewar NAPCOR, ƙimar sake yin amfani da kwalbar PET ba ta ragu sosai ba, wanda ya ɗan tashi kaɗan daga kashi 24.6 cikin 100 a 2007 zuwa kashi 29.1 cikin 100 a 2010 zuwa kashi 26.6 cikin 100 a 2020. "Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka ƙware a sake yin amfani da su shine sanarwar manema labarai," in ji Susan Collins, darektan Cibiyar Sake Yin Amfani da Kwantenan.
Jami'an Coca-Cola sun ce a cikin wata sanarwa da suka rubuta cewa kuskuren farko da suka yi "yana ba mu damar koyo" kuma suna da kwarin gwiwar cimma burinsu na gaba. Yanzu haka ƙungiyar sayayya tasu tana gudanar da "taron taswirar hanya" don yin nazari kan samar da PET da aka sake yin amfani da ita a duniya, wanda suka ce zai taimaka musu su fahimci ƙuntatawa da kuma tsara wani shiri. PepsiCo bai amsa tambayoyi game da alkawuran da ya yi a baya ba, amma jami'ai sun ce a cikin wata sanarwa a rubuce cewa "zai ci gaba da haifar da kirkire-kirkire a cikin marufi da kuma ba da shawara ga manufofi masu wayo waɗanda ke haifar da zagayawa da rage ɓarna."
Tashin hankalin da aka shafe shekaru da dama ana yi a masana'antar giya da alama zai wargaje a shekarar 2019. Yayin da kamfanonin giya ke ƙara himma wajen samar da manufofi na yanayi, ba zai yiwu a yi watsi da hayakin da ke fitowa daga yawan shan robobi marasa amfani ba. A cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar ga jaridar The New York Times a wannan shekarar, kamfanin American Beverages ya nuna a karon farko cewa yana iya goyon bayan manufar sanya ajiya a cikin kwantena.
Bayan 'yan watanni, Katherine Lugar, Shugabar Kamfanin American Beverages, ta ƙara yin tsokaci a wani jawabi a wani taron masana'antar marufi, inda ta sanar da cewa masana'antar za ta kawo ƙarshen tsarinta na yaƙi da irin wannan doka. "Za ku ji muryoyi daban-daban daga masana'antarmu," ta yi alƙawarin. Duk da cewa sun yi adawa da kudirin kwalaben a baya, ta bayyana cewa, "ba za ku ji mu ba kai tsaye 'a'a' yanzu." Kamfanonin abin sha sun kafa 'manufa mai ƙarfi' don rage tasirin muhalli, suna buƙatar sake yin amfani da ƙarin kwalaben." Dole ne komai ya kasance a kan teburi," in ji ta.
Kamar dai suna jaddada sabuwar hanyar, manyan jami'ai daga Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper da American Beverage sun yi tattaki gefe da gefe a kan wani dandamali da tutar Amurka ta shimfida a watan Oktoban 2019. A can ne suka sanar da wani sabon "ƙoƙari na ci gaba" mai suna "Every Bottle". Kamfanonin sun yi alƙawarin dala miliyan 100 a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa don inganta tsarin sake amfani da kayayyaki a faɗin Amurka. Za a daidaita kuɗin da ƙarin dala miliyan 300 daga masu zuba jari na waje da kuɗaɗen gwamnati. Wannan tallafin "kusan rabin biliyan" na dala zai ƙara sake amfani da PET da fam miliyan 80 a kowace shekara kuma zai taimaka wa waɗannan kamfanoni rage amfani da filastik mara kyau.
Kamfanin American Beverage ya fitar da wani tallan talabijin mai rakiya wanda ke nuna ma'aikata uku masu kuzari sanye da kayan Coca-Cola, Pepsi da Dr. Pepper suna tsaye a wani wurin shakatawa mai launin kore da aka kewaye da ferns da furanni. "An yi kwalabenmu ne don sake kera su," in ji ma'aikacin Pepsi mai farin jini, yana mai cewa harshensa ya tuna da sakon da masana'antar ta dade tana bayarwa na alhakin ga abokan ciniki: "Don Allah a taimaka mana mu dawo da kowace kwalba." Tallan na dakika 30, wanda ya gudana kafin Super Bowl na bara, tun daga lokacin ya bayyana sau 1,500 a talabijin na kasa kuma ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 5, a cewar iSpot.tv, wani kamfanin auna tallan talabijin.
Duk da sauyin da aka samu a masana'antar, ba a yi wani abu da ya ƙara yawan robobi da aka sake yin amfani da su ba sosai. Misali, masana'antar ta ware kimanin dala miliyan 7.9 kacal a matsayin lamuni da tallafi zuwa yanzu, a cewar wani bincike da Bloomberg Green ta yi wanda ya haɗa da tattaunawa da yawancin waɗanda suka karɓi roƙon.
Tabbas, yawancin waɗannan waɗanda suka karɓi tallafin suna da sha'awar kuɗin. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya ba da tallafin dala $166,000 ga Big Bear, California, mil 100 a gabashin Los Angeles, wanda ya taimaka wajen biyan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kuɗin haɓaka gidaje 12,000 zuwa manyan motocin sake amfani da su. Daga cikin gidaje da ke amfani da waɗannan manyan kekunan, ƙimar sake amfani da su ta karu da kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari, a cewar Jon Zamorano, darektan sharar gida na Big Bear. "Ya taimaka sosai," in ji shi.
Idan kamfanonin shaye-shaye za su rarraba dala miliyan 100 a matsakaici tsawon shekaru goma, da sun riga sun rarraba dala miliyan 27. Madadin haka, dala miliyan 7.9 daidai yake da jimlar ribar kamfanonin shaye-shaye uku a cikin awanni uku.
Ko da yakin neman zaben ya kai ga burinsa na sake amfani da ƙarin fam miliyan 80 na PET a kowace shekara, zai ƙara yawan sake amfani da Amurka da fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari. "Idan da gaske suna son dawo da kowace kwalba, sanya ajiya a kan kowace kwalba," in ji Judith Enck na Beyond Plastics.
Amma masana'antar shaye-shaye ta ci gaba da fama da yawancin kuɗin kwalba, kodayake kwanan nan ta ce a buɗe take ga waɗannan mafita. Tun bayan jawabin Lugar shekaru biyu da rabi da suka gabata, masana'antar ta jinkirta shawarwari a jihohi ciki har da Illinois, New York da Massachusetts. A bara, wani mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin masana'antar shaye-shaye ya rubuta a tsakanin 'yan majalisar dokokin Rhode Island yana la'akari da irin wannan kudiri wanda yawancin kuɗin kwalba "ba za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai nasara ba dangane da tasirin muhallinsu." (Wannan suka ce mai cike da shakku, domin ana mayar da kwalaben da aka ajiye fiye da sau uku fiye da waɗanda ba su da ajiya.)
A wani suka da aka yi a bara, wani mai fafutukar kare muhalli a masana'antar giya ta Massachusetts ya yi adawa da shawarar kara kudin da jihar ke kashewa daga senti 5 (wanda bai canza ba tun lokacin da aka kafa shi shekaru 40 da suka gabata) zuwa kobo. Masu fafutuka sun yi gargadin cewa irin wannan babban kudin da ake kashewa zai haifar da matsala saboda kasashe makwabta suna da karancin kudin da ake kashewa. Rashin jituwar zai karfafa kwastomomi su ketare iyaka don siyan abubuwan sha, wanda hakan zai haifar da "mummunan tasiri ga tallace-tallace" ga kwale-kwalen da ke Massachusetts. (Wannan bai ambaci cewa masana'antar abin sha ta taimaka wajen haifar da wannan gibin ta hanyar yaki da irin wadannan shawarwari daga wadannan makwafta.)
Dermody of American Beverages yana kare ci gaban masana'antar. Da yake magana game da kamfen ɗin Every Bottle Back, ya ce, "Alƙawarin dala miliyan 100 shine abin da muke alfahari da shi." Ya ƙara da cewa sun riga sun yi alƙawarin zuwa wasu biranen da ba su sanar ba tukuna, domin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kafin a kammala su." Wani lokaci dole ne ku tsallake matsaloli da yawa a cikin waɗannan ayyukan," in ji DeMaudie. Lokacin da aka haɗa waɗannan waɗanda aka ba da sanarwar ba tare da sanarwa ba, sun yi alƙawarin jimlar dala miliyan 14.3 zuwa ayyuka 22 zuwa yanzu, in ji shi.
A lokaci guda, Dermody ya bayyana cewa, masana'antar ba za ta goyi bayan duk wani tsarin ajiya ba kawai; yana buƙatar a tsara shi da kyau kuma ya dace da masu amfani. "Ba ma adawa da karɓar kuɗi don kwalabenmu da gwangwani don samar da ingantaccen tsarin," in ji shi. "Amma dole ne kuɗin ya je ga tsarin da ke aiki kamar yadda kowa yake so don cimma babban matakin murmurewa."
Misali da Dermody da wasu a masana'antar suka fi ambata shi ne shirin ajiyar kuɗi na Oregon, wanda ya canza sosai tun lokacin da aka kafa shi rabin ƙarni da ya wuce a tsakanin adawa daga masana'antar abin sha. Masu rarraba abubuwan sha yanzu suna ba da kuɗi kuma suna gudanar da shirin - American Beverage ta ce tana goyon bayan wannan tsari - kuma ta cimma nasarar murmurewa kusan kashi 90 cikin ɗari, kusa da mafi kyau a cikin ƙasar.
Amma babban dalilin da ya sa Oregon ta samu karuwar kudaden shiga shine ajiyar kashi 10 cikin 10 na shirin, wanda ya yi daidai da Michigan a matsayin mafi girma a kasar. American Beverage har yanzu bai nuna goyon baya ga shawarwarin samar da ajiyar kashi 10 cikin 10 a wasu wurare ba, ciki har da wanda aka tsara bisa tsarin da masana'antu suka fi so.
Misali, a ɗauki dokar kwalaben jihar da aka haɗa a cikin Dokar Fitar da Kaya, wadda Wakilin California Alan Lowenthal da Sanata Jeff Merkley na Oregon suka gabatar. Dokar ta yi alfahari da bin tsarin Oregon, gami da ajiyar kwalaben senti 10 yayin da ake barin 'yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu su gudanar da tsarin tattarawa. Duk da cewa Dermody ya ce masana'antar abin sha tana tuntuɓar 'yan majalisa, amma ba ta goyi bayan matakin ba.
Ga 'yan kalilan masu sake amfani da filastik waɗanda ke mayar da tsofaffin kwalaben PET zuwa sababbi, wannan mafita ita ce amsar da ba a iya gani ba. David Duke na Planet Earth ya ce kashi 10 cikin 100 na ajiyar kwalbar ƙasar zai ninka adadin kwantena da ake sake amfani da su sau uku. Babban ƙaruwar robobin da aka sake amfani da su zai sa a sami ƙarin masana'antun sake amfani da su don a ba su kuɗi da gina su. Waɗannan masana'antu za su samar da kwalaben da ake buƙata da aka yi da robobin da aka sake amfani da su - wanda hakan zai ba manyan abubuwan sha damar rage tasirin carbon.
"Ba abu ne mai wahala ba," in ji David Duke, yana tafiya daga ƙasan wani wurin sake amfani da kayayyaki a wajen Los Angeles. "Kuna buƙatar sanya darajar waɗannan kwantena."