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Sarrafa motsi na baƙin ƙarfe oxide nanoparticles don isar da niyya na cytostatics
Mawallafi Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova, 1 Dmitry Korolev, 1 Maria Istomina, 1,2 Galina Shulmeyster, 1 Alexey Petukhov, 1,3 Vladimir Mishanin, 1 Andrey Gorshkov, 4 Ekaterina Podyacheva, 1 Kamil Gareev, 2 Alexei Bagrov, 5 Oleg Demidov6,71Almazov National Medical Medical Cibiyar Bincike na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, St. Petersburg, 197341, Tarayyar Rasha;2 St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", St. Petersburg, 197376, Tarayyar Rasha;3 Cibiyar Magunguna ta Keɓaɓɓu, Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Jihar Almazov, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, St. Petersburg, 197341, Tarayyar Rasha;4FSBI "Cibiyar Bincike ta Mura mai suna bayan AA Smorodintsev" Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, St. Petersburg, Tarayyar Rasha;5 Cibiyar Sechenov na Ilimin Juyin Halitta da Halitta, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Rasha, St. Petersburg, Tarayyar Rasha;6 RAS Cibiyar Cytology, St. Petersburg, 194064, Tarayyar Rasha;7INSERM U1231, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bourgogne-Franche Comté Jami'ar Dijon, Faransa Sadarwa: Yana ToropovaAlmazov National Medical Research Center, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Rasha Federation Tel +7 981 95264800 95264806 [email protected] Bayan fage: Hanya mai ban sha'awa game da matsalar ƙwayar cuta ta cytostatic ita ce amfani da Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) don isar da magunguna da aka yi niyya.Manufa: Yin amfani da ƙididdiga don ƙayyade mafi kyawun halayen filin maganadisu wanda ke sarrafa MNPs a cikin vivo, da kuma kimanta ingancin isar da magnetron na MNP zuwa ciwace-ciwacen linzamin kwamfuta a vitro da in vivo.(MNPs-ICG) ana amfani dashi.A cikin vivo luminescence ƙarfin nazarin an yi a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, tare da kuma ba tare da filin maganadisu ba a wurin sha'awa.An gudanar da waɗannan karatun ne a kan wani shinge na hydrodynamic wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Gwaji ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Almazov ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Rasha ta haɓaka.Sakamako: Yin amfani da maganadisu neodymium ya haɓaka zaɓaɓɓun tarin MNP.Minti ɗaya bayan gudanar da MNPs-ICG zuwa beraye masu ɗauke da ƙari, MNPs-ICG galibi suna taruwa a cikin hanta.A cikin rashi da kasancewar filin maganadisu, wannan yana nuna hanyar rayuwa.Ko da yake an sami karuwa a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin hanta na dabba ba ta canza ba a tsawon lokaci.Kammalawa: Irin wannan nau'in MNP, haɗe tare da ƙididdige ƙarfin filin maganadisu, na iya zama tushen haɓaka isar da isar da magunguna ta hanyar maganadisu zuwa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.Keywords: bincike mai haske, indocyanine, baƙin ƙarfe oxide nanoparticles, isar da magnetron na cytostatics, ƙaddamar da ƙari
Ciwon daji na daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa mutuwa a duniya.A lokaci guda, yanayin haɓakar haɓakar cututtuka da mace-mace na cututtukan tumo har yanzu suna wanzu.1 Chemotherapy da ake amfani da shi a yau har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jiyya na ciwace-ciwace daban-daban.A lokaci guda, ci gaban hanyoyin da za a rage yawan ƙwayar cuta na cytostatics har yanzu yana da mahimmanci.Hanya mai ban sha'awa don magance matsalar guba ita ce amfani da nano-sikelin don ƙaddamar da hanyoyin isar da magunguna, wanda zai iya samar da tarin magunguna a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta ba tare da ƙara tarawa a cikin gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda ba.maida hankali.2 Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar haɓaka inganci da niyya na magungunan chemotherapeutic akan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta, yayin da rage yawan guba na tsarin su.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nanoparticles daban-daban da aka yi la'akari don isar da niyya na jami'an cytostatic, Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) suna da sha'awa ta musamman saboda sinadarai na musamman, na halitta, da abubuwan maganadisu, waɗanda ke tabbatar da iyawarsu.Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da nanoparticles na Magnetic azaman tsarin dumama don magance ciwace-ciwacen daji tare da hyperthermia (magnetic hyperthermia).Hakanan za'a iya amfani da su azaman abubuwan ganowa (maganin haɓakar maganadisu).3-5 Yin amfani da waɗannan halaye, haɗe tare da yiwuwar tarawar MNP a cikin wani yanki na musamman, ta hanyar amfani da filin maganadisu na waje, isar da shirye-shiryen magunguna da aka yi niyya yana buɗe ƙirƙirar tsarin magnetron multifunctional don ƙaddamar da cytostatics zuwa wurin ƙari. Abubuwan al'ajabi.Irin wannan tsarin zai haɗa da MNP da filayen maganadisu don sarrafa motsin su a cikin jiki.A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da filayen maganadisu na waje da na'urar maganadisu da aka sanya a cikin yankin jiki mai ɗauke da ƙari a matsayin tushen filin maganadisu.6 Hanya ta farko tana da gazawa sosai, gami da buƙatar yin amfani da na'urori na musamman don maƙarƙashiya na magunguna da buƙatar horar da ma'aikata don yin tiyata.Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanya tana iyakance ta farashi mai yawa kuma ya dace da ciwace-ciwacen "na zahiri" kusa da saman jiki.Madadin hanyar yin amfani da na'urar maganadisu yana faɗaɗa fa'idar amfani da wannan fasaha, yana sauƙaƙe amfani da shi akan ciwace-ciwacen da ke cikin sassa daban-daban na jiki.Dukansu maganadisu guda ɗaya da maganadiso da aka haɗa cikin stent na intraluminal za a iya amfani da su azaman abubuwan da aka sanyawa don lalacewar ƙwayar cuta a cikin gabobin da ba su da tushe don tabbatar da patency.Koyaya, bisa ga namu binciken da ba a buga ba, waɗannan ba su da isasshiyar maganadisu don tabbatar da riƙe MNP daga magudanar jini.
Tasirin isar da magunguna na magnetron ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: halaye na jigilar maganadisu kanta, da halaye na tushen filin maganadisu (ciki har da sigogin geometric na magneto mai dindindin da ƙarfin magnetic filin da suke samarwa).Haɓaka nasarar fasahar isar da inhibitor ta hanyar maganadisu ya kamata ta ƙunshi haɓaka masu ɗaukar magunguna na Magnetic nanoscale da suka dace, tantance amincin su, da haɓaka ƙa'idar gani da ke ba da damar bin diddigin motsin su a cikin jiki.
A cikin wannan binciken, mun ƙididdige mafi kyawun halayen filin maganadisu don sarrafa ma'auni na Magnetic nano a cikin jiki.Yiwuwar riƙe MNP ta bangon jijiyar jini a ƙarƙashin tasirin filin maganadisu mai amfani tare da waɗannan halayen ƙididdigewa an kuma yi nazari a keɓance tasoshin jini na bera.Bugu da ƙari, mun haɗa haɗin haɗin MNPs da wakilai masu kyalli kuma mun ƙirƙiri ƙa'ida don ganin su a cikin vivo.Ƙarƙashin yanayin vivo, a cikin ƙirar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, an yi nazarin tasirin tarawar MNPs a cikin kyallen ƙwayar ƙari lokacin da aka gudanar da shi ta tsari ƙarƙashin rinjayar filin maganadisu.
A cikin binciken in vitro, mun yi amfani da ma'anar MNP, kuma a cikin binciken in vivo, mun yi amfani da MNP wanda aka lullube shi da polyester lactic acid (polylactic acid, PLA) mai dauke da wakili mai kyalli (indolecyanine; ICG).An haɗa MNP-ICG a cikin yanayin, yi amfani da (MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG).
An yi bayanin haɗakarwa da kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai na MNP dalla-dalla a wani wuri.7,8
Domin hada MNPs-ICG, PLA-ICG conjugates aka fara samar da conjugates.An yi amfani da cakuda tseren foda na PLA-D da PLA-L tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 60 kDa.
Tunda PLA da ICG dukkanin acid acid ne, domin hada PLA-ICG conjugates, da farko bukatar hada wani amino-terminated spacer a kan PLA, wanda taimaka ICG chemisorb zuwa spacer.An haɗa sararin samaniya ta hanyar amfani da ethylene diamine (EDA), hanyar carbodiimide da ruwa mai narkewa carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC).An haɗa sararin samaniyar PLA-EDA kamar haka.Ƙara EDA mai ninki 20 na molar wuce gona da iri na EDAC zuwa 2 ml na 0.1 g/ml PLA maganin chloroform.An gudanar da haɗin gwiwar a cikin bututun gwajin polypropylene na 15 ml akan shaker a gudun 300 min-1 na 2 hours.Ana nuna makircin haɗakarwa a cikin Hoto 1. Maimaita kira tare da wuce gona da iri 200 na reagents don inganta tsarin haɗin gwiwa.
A ƙarshen haɗakarwa, an saita maganin a cikin saurin 3000 min-1 na mintuna 5 don cire wuce haddi na polyethylene.Sa'an nan, 2 ml na maganin 0.5 mg/mL ICG a cikin dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) an ƙara shi zuwa maganin 2 ml.An gyara mai tayar da hankali a cikin saurin motsawa na 300 min-1 na 2 hours.Ana nuna zane-zane na haɗin haɗin gwiwa da aka samu a hoto na 2.
A cikin 200 MG MNP, mun ƙara 4 ml PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate.Yi amfani da shaker LS-220 (LOIP, Russia) don motsa dakatarwar na tsawon mintuna 30 a mitar 300 min-1.Sa'an nan kuma, an wanke shi da isopropanol sau uku kuma an yi shi da rabuwar maganadisu.Yi amfani da UZD-2 Ultrasonic Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Rasha) don ƙara IPA zuwa dakatarwa na tsawon mintuna 5-10 a ƙarƙashin ci gaba da aikin ultrasonic.Bayan wanka na IPA na uku, an wanke hazo tare da ruwa mai tsafta kuma an sake dakatar da shi a cikin salin ilimin lissafi a wani taro na 2 mg / mL.
An yi amfani da kayan aikin ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, UK) don nazarin girman rarraba MNP da aka samu a cikin maganin ruwa.An yi amfani da microscope na lantarki mai watsawa (TEM) tare da JEM-1400 STEM filin watsin cathode (JEOL, Japan) don nazarin siffar da girman MNP.
A cikin wannan binciken, muna amfani da maganadisu na dindindin na cylindrical (N35 grade; tare da rufin kariya na nickel) da ma'auni masu zuwa (tsawon tsayi mai tsayi × Silinda diamita): 0.5 × 2 mm, 2 × 2 mm, 3 × 2 mm da 5 × 2 mm.
Nazarin in vitro na sufuri na MNP a cikin tsarin ƙirar an gudanar da shi a kan wani shinge na hydrodynamic wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Gwaji ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Almazov ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Rasha ta haɓaka.Adadin ruwan da ke zagayawa (ruwan da aka zazzage ko maganin Krebs-Henseleit) shine 225 ml.Axially magnetized magnetized maganadisu ana amfani da matsayin m maganadiso.Sanya magnet akan mariƙin 1.5 mm nesa da bangon ciki na bututun gilashin, tare da ƙarshensa yana fuskantar alkiblar bututu (a tsaye).Matsakaicin kwararar ruwa a cikin rufaffiyar madauki shine 60 L/h (daidai da saurin mizani na 0.225 m/s).Ana amfani da maganin Krebs-Henseleit azaman ruwa mai zagayawa saboda analog ne na plasma.Adadin danko mai ƙarfi na plasma shine 1.1-1.3mPa∙s.9 Adadin MNP da aka tallata a cikin filin maganadisu ana ƙaddara ta hanyar spectrophotometry daga tarin baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ruwa mai yawo bayan gwaji.
Bugu da ƙari, an gudanar da nazarin gwaji a kan ingantacciyar tebur na injiniyoyi na ruwa don sanin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar jini.Ana nuna mahimman abubuwan tallafi na hydrodynamic a cikin Hoto na 3. Babban abubuwan da ke cikin stent na hydrodynamic shine madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin sashin giciye na tsarin jijiyoyi na samfurin da tankin ajiya.Motsin ruwan samfurin tare da kwandon tsarin jigilar jini ana bayar da shi ta hanyar famfo mai ƙyalli.A lokacin gwaji, kula da vaporization da kewayon zafin jiki da ake buƙata, da kuma saka idanu sigogin tsarin (zazzabi, matsa lamba, ƙimar ruwa, da ƙimar pH).
Hoto na 3 Toshe zane na saitin da aka yi amfani da shi don nazarin iyawar bangon artery carotid.1-ajiya tanki, 2-peristaltic famfo, 3-kayan aiki don gabatar da dakatarwa dauke da MNP a cikin madauki, 4- kwarara mita, 5-matsa lamba firikwensin a cikin madauki, 6-zafi Exchanger, 7-jama'a tare da ganga, 8-madogararsa na filin maganadisu, 9- balloon tare da hydrocarbons.
Gidan da ke dauke da kwantena ya ƙunshi kwantena uku: babban akwati na waje da ƙananan kwantena guda biyu, ta cikin abin da hannaye na tsakiya ke wucewa.Ana shigar da gwangwani a cikin ƙaramin akwati, an ɗaure akwati a kan ƙaramin akwati, kuma an ɗaure tip na cannula tare da siririn waya.Wurin da ke tsakanin babban akwati da ƙananan akwati yana cike da ruwa mai tsabta, kuma yawan zafin jiki ya kasance mai tsayi saboda haɗin kai da mai zafi.Wurin da ke cikin ƙaramin akwati yana cike da maganin Krebs-Henseleit don kula da yuwuwar ƙwayoyin jini.Har ila yau, tankin yana cike da maganin Krebs-Henseleit.Ana amfani da tsarin samar da iskar gas (carbon) don vaporize bayani a cikin ƙaramin akwati a cikin tankin ajiya da ɗakin da ke dauke da akwati (Figure 4).
Hoto 4 Gidan da aka sanya kwandon.1-Cannula don rage magudanar jini, 2-Baki na waje, 3-Ƙananan ɗakin.Kibiya tana nuna jagorar ruwan samfurin.
Don ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bangon jirgin ruwa, an yi amfani da jijiya carotid na bera.
Gabatarwar dakatarwar MNP (0.5mL) a cikin tsarin yana da halaye masu zuwa: jimlar ciki na tanki da bututu mai haɗawa a cikin madauki shine 20mL, kuma ƙarar ciki na kowane ɗaki shine 120mL.Tushen filin maganadisu na waje shine maganadisu na dindindin tare da daidaitaccen girman 2 × 3 mm.An shigar da shi a sama da ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ɗakuna, 1 cm nesa da akwati, tare da ɗayan ƙarshen yana fuskantar bangon akwati.Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a 37 ° C.An saita ƙarfin famfon nadi zuwa 50%, wanda yayi daidai da gudun 17 cm/s.A matsayin sarrafawa, an ɗauki samfurori a cikin tantanin halitta ba tare da maganadisu na dindindin ba.
Sa'a daya bayan gudanar da wani taro na MNP, an ɗauki samfurin ruwa daga ɗakin.An auna ma'auni na barbashi ta hanyar spectrophotometer ta amfani da Unico 2802S UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Kayayyakin Haɗin kai & Kayan Aiki, Amurka).Yin la'akari da bakan shayarwa na dakatarwar MNP, an yi ma'aunin a 450 nm.
Dangane da ka'idodin Rus-LASA-FELASA, duk dabbobi ana tashe su a cikin takamaiman wuraren da ba su da cutar.Wannan binciken ya bi duk ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a masu dacewa don gwaje-gwajen dabbobi da bincike, kuma ya sami amincewar ɗabi'a daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Almazov (IACUC).Dabbobin sun sha ruwa ad libitum kuma suna ciyar da su akai-akai.
An gudanar da binciken a kan 10 da aka yi wa 10-mako-mako-mako immunodeficient NSG mice (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, USA) 10, yin la'akari 22 g ± 10%.Tun da yake an danne rigakafi na ɓeraye masu ƙarancin rigakafi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na wannan layin suna ba da damar dasawa na ƙwayoyin ɗan adam da kyallen takarda ba tare da kin dasawa ba.An ba da ƙwararrun ƙwararru daga cages daban-daban ga ƙungiyar gwaji ba da gangan ba, kuma an haɗa su tare ko kuma an fallasa su cikin tsari zuwa ga kwanciya na wasu ƙungiyoyi don tabbatar da daidaitaccen bayyanar da microbiota na kowa.
Ana amfani da layin kwayar cutar kansa na HeLa don kafa samfurin xenograft.An haɓaka ƙwayoyin sel a cikin DMEM mai ɗauke da glutamine (PanEco, Russia), wanda aka ƙara da 10% ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar tayi (Hyclone, Amurka), 100 CFU/ml penicillin, da 100 μg/mL streptomycin.Layin tantanin halitta an samar da shi da kyau ta Cibiyar Nazarin Dokokin Magana ta Gene na Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha.Kafin allura, an cire ƙwayoyin HeLa daga filastik al'ada tare da 1: 1 trypsin: maganin Versene (Biolot, Russia).Bayan wankewa, an dakatar da sel a cikin cikakkiyar matsakaici zuwa ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin 5 × 106 a kowace 200 μL, kuma an diluted tare da matrix membrane ginshiki (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1: 1, akan kankara).An yi allurar da aka shirya dakatarwar tantanin halitta a cikin fatar cinyar linzamin kwamfuta.Yi amfani da na'urorin lantarki don lura da haɓakar ƙari kowane kwana 3.
Lokacin da ciwon daji ya kai 500 mm3, an saka magnet na dindindin a cikin ƙwayar tsoka na dabbar gwaji kusa da ciwon daji.A cikin ƙungiyar gwaji (MNPs-ICG + tumour-M), 0.1 ml na dakatarwar MNP an allura kuma an fallasa shi zuwa filin maganadisu.An yi amfani da dukan dabbobin da ba a kula da su a matsayin abin sarrafawa (baya).Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da dabbobin da aka yi musu allura da 0.1 ml na MNP amma ba a dasa su da maganadisu (MNPs-ICG + tumor-BM).
An yi hangen nesa mai haske na in vivo da samfuran in vitro akan IVIS Lumina LT series III bioimager (PerkinElmer Inc., Amurka).Don ganin in vitro, an ƙara ƙarar 1 ml na roba PLA-EDA-ICG da MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate zuwa rijiyoyin faranti.Yin la'akari da halayen kyalli na rini na ICG, an zaɓi mafi kyawun tacewa da aka yi amfani da shi don tantance ƙarfin samfurin: matsakaicin tsayin motsin motsi shine 745 nm, kuma tsayin iska shine 815 nm.An yi amfani da software na Living Hoto 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) don auna ƙididdige ƙarfin haske na rijiyoyin da ke ɗauke da haɗin gwiwa.
An auna ƙarfin haske da tarawa na MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate a cikin vivo ƙirar ƙirar ƙwayar cuta, ba tare da kasancewa da aikace-aikacen filin maganadisu a wurin sha'awa ba.An yi wa berayen wanzar da isoflurane, sannan aka yi wa 0.1 ml na haɗin MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG allura ta jijiyar wutsiya.An yi amfani da berayen da ba a kula da su azaman iko mara kyau don samun bangon haske.Bayan gudanar da conjugate a cikin jini, sanya dabbar a kan matakin dumama (37 ° C) a cikin ɗakin IVIS Lumina LT series III fluorescence imager (PerkinElmer Inc.) yayin da yake riƙe da inhalation tare da 2% isoflurane anesthetization.Yi amfani da ginanniyar tacewa ta ICG (745-815 nm) don gano sigina minti 1 da mintuna 15 bayan gabatarwar MNP.
Don tantance tarin conjugate a cikin ƙwayar cuta, an rufe yankin peritoneal na dabba da takarda, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a kawar da haske mai haske da ke hade da tarin ƙwayoyin hanta.Bayan nazarin rarrabar halittu na MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG, dabbobin sun mutu cikin mutuntaka ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na maganin sa barci na isoflurane don rarrabuwa na gaba na wuraren ƙari da ƙididdigar ƙima na radiation mai walƙiya.Yi amfani da software mai rai na 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) don aiwatar da binciken siginar da hannu daga yankin da aka zaɓa na sha'awa.An ɗauki ma'auni uku don kowace dabba (n = 9).
A cikin wannan binciken, ba mu ƙididdige nasarar lodin ICG akan MNPs-ICG ba.Bugu da ƙari, ba mu kwatanta dacewar riƙewar nanoparticles a ƙarƙashin rinjayar maɗaukaki na dindindin na siffofi daban-daban ba.Bugu da ƙari, ba mu kimanta tasirin dogon lokaci na filin maganadisu akan riƙe nanoparticles a cikin kyallen takarda ba.
Nanoparticles sun mamaye, tare da matsakaicin girman 195.4 nm.Bugu da ƙari, dakatarwar ya ƙunshi agglomerates tare da matsakaicin girman 1176.0 nm (Hoto 5A).Daga baya, an tace sashin ta hanyar tace centrifugal.Ƙimar zeta na barbashi shine -15.69 mV (Hoto 5B).
Hoto 5 Kaddarorin jiki na dakatarwa: (A) rarraba girman barbashi;(B) rarraba barbashi a yuwuwar zeta;(C) Hoton TEM na nanoparticles.
Girman barbashi shine ainihin 200 nm (Hoto 5C), wanda ya ƙunshi MNP guda ɗaya tare da girman 20 nm, da kuma harsashi mai haɗaɗɗiyar PLA-EDA-ICG tare da ƙananan ƙarancin lantarki.Samuwar agglomerates a cikin hanyoyin ruwa mai ruwa ana iya yin bayanin ta hanyar ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na kowane nanoparticles.
Don abubuwan maganadisu na dindindin, lokacin da magnetization ya mai da hankali a cikin ƙarar V, kalmar haɗin kai ta kasu kashi biyu, wato ƙarar da saman:
A cikin yanayin samfurin tare da magnetization akai-akai, yawancin halin yanzu ba shi da kome.Sa'an nan, magana na maganadisu induction vector zai ɗauki nau'i mai zuwa:
Yi amfani da shirin MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Amurka) don lissafin lambobi, ETU “LETI” lambar lasisin ilimi 40502181.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 7 Hoto 8 Hoto na 9 Hoto-10, filin maganadisu mafi ƙarfi yana samuwa ta hanyar maganadisu mai daidaitacce daga ƙarshen silinda.Ingantacciyar radius na aiki daidai yake da jiometry na maganadisu.A cikin silinda na silinda tare da silinda wanda tsayinsa ya fi diamita, ana lura da filin magnetic mafi karfi a cikin jagorancin axial-radial (don abin da ya dace);don haka, nau'i-nau'i na silinda tare da mafi girman al'amari (diamita da tsayi) tallan MNP shine mafi tasiri.
Hoto 7 Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfin induction induction induction Bz tare da Oz axis na maganadisu;daidaitaccen girman maganadisu: layin baki 0.5 × 2mm, layin shuɗi 2 × 2mm, layin kore 3 × 2mm, layin ja 5 × 2mm.
Hoto 8 Abun shigar da maganadisu Br daidai yake da axis magnet Oz;daidaitaccen girman maganadisu: layin baki 0.5 × 2mm, layin shuɗi 2 × 2mm, layin kore 3 × 2mm, layin ja 5 × 2mm.
Hoto 9 Na'urar induction ƙarfin maganadisu Bz a nesa r daga ƙarshen axis na maganadisu (z=0);daidaitaccen girman maganadisu: layin baki 0.5 × 2mm, layin shuɗi 2 × 2mm, layin kore 3 × 2mm, layin ja 5 × 2mm.
Hoto 10 Abubuwan shigar da Magnetic tare da jagorar radial;daidaitaccen girman maganadisu: layin baki 0.5 × 2mm, layin shuɗi 2 × 2mm, layin kore 3 × 2mm, layin ja 5 × 2mm.
Za a iya amfani da samfura na musamman na hydrodynamic don nazarin hanyar isar da MNP zuwa kyallen ƙwayar cuta, tattara nanoparticles a cikin yankin da aka yi niyya, da ƙayyade halayen nanoparticles a ƙarƙashin yanayin hydrodynamic a cikin tsarin jini.Ana iya amfani da maganadisu na dindindin azaman filayen maganadisu na waje.Idan muka yi watsi da hulɗar magnetostatic tsakanin nanoparticles kuma ba mu yi la'akari da samfurin ruwa na maganadisu ba, ya isa ya ƙididdige hulɗar tsakanin magnet da nanoparticle guda ɗaya tare da kimanin dipole-dipole.
Inda m shine lokacin maganadisu na maganadisu, r shine radius vector na wurin da nanoparticle yake, kuma k shine tsarin tsarin.A cikin kusantar dipole, filin maganadisu yana da irin wannan tsari (Hoto 11).
A cikin filin maganadisu iri ɗaya, ƙwayoyin nanoparticles suna juyawa kawai tare da layin ƙarfi.A cikin filin maganadisu mara daidaituwa, ƙarfi yana aiki akansa:
Inda aka samo asali na jagorar da aka ba l.Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin yana jawo nanoparticles zuwa mafi yawan wuraren da ba daidai ba na filin, wato, lanƙwasa da yawa na layin karfi.
Sabili da haka, yana da kyawawa don amfani da isassun ƙarfin maganadisu (ko sarkar maganadisu) tare da anisotropy axial bayyananne a yankin da barbashi suke.
Tebu 1 yana nuna iyawar maganadisu ɗaya a matsayin isasshiyar filin maganadisu don kamawa da riƙe MNP a cikin gadon jijiyoyin bugun jini na filin aikace-aikacen.