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Sarrafa motsi na ƙwayoyin ƙarfe mai maganadisu don isar da cytostatics da aka yi niyya
Mawallafi Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova,1 Dmitry Korolev,1 Maria Istomina,1,2 Galina Shulmeyster,1 Alexey Petukhov,1,3 Vladimir Mishanin,1 Andrey Gorshkov,4 Ekaterina Podyacheva,1 Kamil Gareev,2 Alexei Bagrov,5 Oleg Demidov6,71Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Almazov ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, St. Petersburg, 197341, Tarayyar Rasha; 2 Jami'ar Electrotechnical ta St. Petersburg "LETI", St. Petersburg, 197376, Tarayyar Rasha; 3 Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Keɓaɓɓu, Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Jiha ta Almazov, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, St. Petersburg, 197341, Tarayyar Rasha; 4FSBI "Cibiyar Binciken Mura Mai Suna Bayan AA Smorodintsev" Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, St. Petersburg, Tarayyar Rasha; 5 Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Kimiyyar Halittu ta Sechenov, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha, St. Petersburg, Tarayyar Rasha; 6 Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta RAS, St. Petersburg, 194064, Tarayyar Rasha; 7INSERM U1231, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bourgogne-Franche Comté University of Dijon, Faransa Sadarwa: Yana ToropovaCibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Almazov, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Tarayyar Rasha Tel +7 981 95264800 4997069 Imel [email protected] Bayani: Hanya mai kyau ta magance matsalar gubar cytostatic ita ce amfani da nanoparticles na magnetic (MNP) don isar da magunguna da aka yi niyya. Manufar: Don amfani da lissafi don tantance mafi kyawun halayen filin maganadisu wanda ke sarrafa MNPs a cikin jiki, da kuma kimanta ingancin isar da magnetron na MNPs ga ciwon daji na linzamin kwamfuta a cikin vitro da in vivo. (MNPs-ICG) ana amfani da shi. An gudanar da nazarin ƙarfin haske a cikin jiki a cikin beraye masu ciwon daji, tare da kuma ba tare da filin maganadisu a wurin da ake sha'awa ba. An gudanar da waɗannan nazarin ne a kan wani tsari na hydrodynamic wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Gwaji ta Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Jihar Almazov ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Rasha ta ƙirƙiro. Sakamako: Amfani da maganadisu na neodymium ya haɓaka tarin MNP na zaɓi. Minti ɗaya bayan an ba wa beraye masu ɗauke da ƙari MNPs-ICG, MNPs-ICG galibi yana taruwa a cikin hanta. Idan babu kuma babu filin maganadisu, wannan yana nuna hanyar metabolism ɗinsa. Duk da cewa an lura da ƙaruwar hasken da ke cikin ƙari a gaban filin maganadisu, ƙarfin hasken da ke cikin hanta na dabbar bai canza ba akan lokaci. Kammalawa: Wannan nau'in MNP, tare da ƙarfin filin maganadisu da aka ƙididdige, na iya zama tushen ci gaban isar da magungunan cytostatic da aka sarrafa ta hanyar maganadisu ga kyallen ƙari. Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: nazarin hasken, indocyanine, ƙwayoyin ƙarfe oxide, isar da magnetron na cytostatics, niyya ga ƙari
Cututtukan ƙari suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa a duk duniya. A lokaci guda, yanayin ƙaruwar rashin lafiya da mace-mace na cututtukan ƙari har yanzu yana nan. 1 Maganin chemotherapy da ake amfani da shi a yau har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin magance cututtuka daban-daban. A lokaci guda, haɓaka hanyoyin rage gubar cytostatics har yanzu yana da mahimmanci. Hanya mai kyau don magance matsalar guba ita ce amfani da masu ɗaukar nano-scale don kai hari ga hanyoyin isar da magunguna, wanda zai iya samar da tarin magunguna na gida a cikin kyallen ƙari ba tare da ƙara yawan tarin su a cikin gabobin lafiya da kyallen takarda ba. 2 Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar inganta inganci da niyya na magungunan chemotherapy akan kyallen ƙari, yayin da rage gubar su ta tsarin.
Daga cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban da ake la'akari da su don isar da sinadarai masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta (MNPs) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci saboda halayen sinadarai, halittu, da na maganadisu na musamman, waɗanda ke tabbatar da sauƙin amfani da su. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin tsarin dumama don magance ciwon daji tare da hyperthermia (magnetic hyperthermia). Haka kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman magungunan gano cututtuka (ganewar maganadisu). 3-5 Ta amfani da waɗannan halaye, tare da yuwuwar tarin MNP a wani yanki na musamman, ta hanyar amfani da filin maganadisu na waje, isar da shirye-shiryen magunguna da aka yi niyya yana buɗe ƙirƙirar tsarin magnetron mai aiki da yawa don kai hari ga cytostatics zuwa wurin ciwon Prospects. Irin wannan tsarin zai haɗa da MNP da filayen maganadisu don sarrafa motsinsu a cikin jiki. A wannan yanayin, duka filayen maganadisu na waje da dashen maganadisu da aka sanya a yankin jiki wanda ke ɗauke da ciwon za a iya amfani da su azaman tushen filin maganadisu. 6 Hanya ta farko tana da manyan gazawa, gami da buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don kai hari ga magunguna da buƙatar horar da ma'aikata don yin tiyata. Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanyar tana da iyaka saboda tsadar kuɗi kuma ta dace ne kawai da ciwace-ciwacen "na waje" kusa da saman jiki. Wata hanyar amfani da dashen maganadisu tana faɗaɗa ikon amfani da wannan fasaha, tana sauƙaƙa amfani da ita ga ciwace-ciwacen da ke sassa daban-daban na jiki. Ana iya amfani da maganadisu da maganadisu da aka haɗa cikin stent na ciki azaman dashen don lalata ciwace-ciwacen a cikin gabobin da ba su da kyau don tabbatar da ikonsu. Duk da haka, bisa ga bincikenmu da ba a buga ba, waɗannan ba su da isasshen maganadisu don tabbatar da riƙe MNP daga jini.
Ingancin isar da maganin magnetron ya dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa: halayen mai ɗaukar maganadisu da kansa, da halayen tushen filin maganadisu (gami da sigogin lissafi na maganadisu na dindindin da ƙarfin filin maganadisu da suke samarwa). Ci gaban fasahar isar da maganin hana ƙwayoyin halitta mai jagoranci ta hanyar maganadisu ya kamata ya haɗa da haɓaka masu ɗaukar maganin nanoscale masu dacewa, tantance amincin su, da haɓaka tsarin gani wanda ke ba da damar bin diddigin motsin su a cikin jiki.
A cikin wannan binciken, mun ƙididdige mafi kyawun halayen filin maganadisu ta hanyar lissafi don sarrafa mai ɗaukar maganin maganadisu nano-scale a cikin jiki. An kuma yi nazarin yiwuwar riƙe MNP ta bangon jijiyoyin jini a ƙarƙashin tasirin filin maganadisu da aka yi amfani da shi tare da waɗannan halayen lissafi a cikin jijiyoyin jinin bera da aka keɓe. Bugu da ƙari, mun haɗa haɗin MNPs da wakilan fluorescent kuma mun ƙirƙiri yarjejeniya don ganin su a cikin vivo. A ƙarƙashin yanayin in vivo, a cikin beraye samfurin ciwon daji, an yi nazarin ingancin tarin MNPs a cikin kyallen ciwon daji lokacin da aka ba su ta hanyar tsari a ƙarƙashin tasirin filin maganadisu.
A cikin binciken in vitro, mun yi amfani da MNP na tunani, kuma a cikin binciken in vivo, mun yi amfani da MNP mai rufi da lactic acid polyester (polylactic acid, PLA) wanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin fluorescent (indolecyanine; ICG). An haɗa MNP-ICG a cikin. A cikin yanayin, amfani (MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG).
An yi cikakken bayani game da haɗakar MNP da halayen zahiri da na sinadarai a wani wuri. 7,8
Domin haɗa MNPs-ICG, an fara samar da haɗin PLA-ICG. An yi amfani da cakuda PLA-D da PLA-L mai nauyin kwayoyin halitta 60 kDa.
Tunda PLA da ICG dukkansu acid ne, domin a haɗa PLA-ICG conjugates, da farko ana buƙatar a haɗa wani spacer mai ƙarewa na amino akan PLA, wanda ke taimakawa ICG chemisorb zuwa spacer. An haɗa spacer ta amfani da ethylene diamine (EDA), hanyar carbodimide da carbodimide mai narkewa cikin ruwa, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). An haɗa spacer na PLA-EDA kamar haka. Ƙara ƙarin molar na EDA sau 20 da ƙarin molar na EDAC sau 20 zuwa 2 mL na 0.1 g/mL PLA chloroform mafita. An gudanar da haɗawar a cikin bututun gwaji na polypropylene mai 15 mL akan shaker akan saurin minti 300-1 na tsawon awanni 2. An nuna tsarin haɗawar a Hoto na 1. Maimaita haɗawar da ƙarin reagents sau 200 don inganta tsarin haɗawar.
A ƙarshen haɗawar, an sanya maganin a cikin centrifuge a cikin saurin minti 3000 na minti 1 na tsawon mintuna 5 don cire abubuwan da suka haifar da polyethylene da suka wuce gona da iri. Sannan, an ƙara 2 mL na maganin ICG 0.5 mg/mL a cikin dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) zuwa maganin mL 2. An daidaita mai tayar da hankali a cikin saurin juyawa na minti 300-1 na tsawon awanni 2. An nuna zane-zanen conjugate da aka samu a Hoto na 2.
A cikin 200 MG na MNP, mun ƙara PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate 4 mL. Yi amfani da LS-220 shaker (LOIP, Russia) don motsa dakatarwar na tsawon minti 30 a mita na minti 300-1. Sannan, an wanke shi da isopropanol sau uku kuma an yi masa rabuwar maganadisu. Yi amfani da UZD-2 Ultrasonic Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Russia) don ƙara IPA a dakatarwar na tsawon minti 5-10 a ƙarƙashin aikin ultrasonic mai ci gaba. Bayan wanke IPA na uku, an wanke ruwan da aka tace da ruwa mai narkewa sannan aka sake sanya shi a cikin ruwan gishiri na jiki a cikin yawan 2 mg/mL.
An yi amfani da kayan aikin ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, Birtaniya) don nazarin girman rarrabawar MNP da aka samu a cikin ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi. An yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki (TEM) tare da cathode na filin JEM-1400 STEM (JEOL, Japan) don nazarin siffar da girman MNP.
A cikin wannan binciken, muna amfani da maganadisu na dindindin na silinda (matsayin N35; tare da murfin kariya na nickel) da kuma waɗannan girman da aka saba amfani da su (tsawon tsayi × diamita na silinda): 0.5×2 mm, 2×2 mm, 3×2 mm da 5×2 mm.
An gudanar da binciken in vitro game da jigilar MNP a cikin tsarin samfurin a kan wani tsari na hydrodynamic wanda Cibiyar Magungunan Gwaji ta Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Jihar Almazov ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Rasha ta haɓaka. Yawan ruwan da ke zagayawa (ruwan da aka tace ko maganin Krebs-Henseleit) shine 225 mL. Ana amfani da maganadisu masu silinda masu maganadisu na axially a matsayin maganadisu na dindindin. Sanya maganadisu a kan mariƙin 1.5 mm nesa da bangon ciki na bututun gilashi na tsakiya, tare da ƙarshensa yana fuskantar alkiblar bututun (a tsaye). Yawan kwararar ruwa a cikin madauki da aka rufe shine 60 L/h (daidai da saurin layi na 0.225 m/s). Ana amfani da maganin Krebs-Henseleit azaman ruwa mai zagayawa saboda yana kama da plasma. Matsakaicin danko na plasma shine 1.1–1.3 mPa∙s. 9 Adadin MNP da aka sha a cikin filin maganadisu ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar spectrophotometry daga yawan ƙarfe a cikin ruwan da ke zagayawa bayan gwajin.
Bugu da ƙari, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan ingantaccen teburin injinan ruwa don tantance yadda tasoshin jini ke shiga. An nuna manyan sassan tallafin hydrodynamic a Hoto na 3. Babban sassan stent na hydrodynamic madauki ne mai rufewa wanda ke kwaikwayon sashin giciye na tsarin jijiyoyin jini na samfurin da tankin ajiya. Motsin ruwan samfurin tare da layin tsarin jijiyoyin jini ana samar da shi ta hanyar famfon peristaltic. A lokacin gwajin, kula da tururi da kewayon zafin jiki da ake buƙata, kuma ku sa ido kan sigogin tsarin (zafin jiki, matsin lamba, ƙimar kwararar ruwa, da ƙimar pH).
Hoto na 3 Zane na tubalan saitin da aka yi amfani da shi don nazarin yadda bangon jijiyar carotid ke aiki. Tankin ajiya 1, famfon peristaltic 2, 3-inji don shigar da dakatarwa wanda ke ɗauke da MNP cikin madauki, mita mai kwarara 4, firikwensin matsin lamba 5 a cikin madauki, mai musayar zafi 6, ɗaki 7 tare da akwati, 8- tushen filin maganadisu, 9- balan-balan tare da hydrocarbons.
Ɗakin da ke ɗauke da akwati ya ƙunshi kwantena uku: babban akwati na waje da ƙananan kwantena guda biyu, waɗanda ta cikin hannun da'irar tsakiya ke wucewa. Ana saka cannula a cikin ƙaramin akwati, an ɗaure akwatin a kan ƙaramin akwati, kuma an ɗaure ƙarshen cannula da siririn waya. An cika sararin da ke tsakanin babban akwati da ƙaramin akwati da ruwa mai narkewa, kuma zafin jiki ya kasance daidai saboda haɗin da ke tsakanin mai musayar zafi. An cika sararin da ke cikin ƙaramin akwati da maganin Krebs-Henseleit don kiyaye wanzuwar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jini. Tankin kuma an cika shi da maganin Krebs-Henseleit. Ana amfani da tsarin samar da iskar gas (carbon) don tururi da maganin a cikin ƙaramin akwati a cikin tankin ajiya da ɗakin da ke ɗauke da akwati (Hoto na 4).
Hoto na 4 Ɗakin da aka sanya akwati. 1-Cannula don rage jijiyoyin jini, 2-Ɗakin waje, 3-Ƙaramin ɗaki. Kibiyar tana nuna alkiblar ruwan samfurin.
Don tantance ma'aunin permeability na bangon jijiyoyin jini, an yi amfani da jijiyar carotid ta bera.
Shigar da dakatarwar MNP (0.5mL) cikin tsarin yana da halaye masu zuwa: jimlar girman ciki na tanki da bututun haɗawa a cikin madauki shine 20mL, kuma girman ciki na kowane ɗaki shine 120mL. Tushen filin maganadisu na waje shine maganadisu na dindindin tare da girman daidaitaccen 2×3 mm. An sanya shi a saman ɗayan ƙananan ɗakuna, nisan 1 cm daga akwati, tare da ƙarshen ɗaya yana fuskantar bangon akwati. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a 37°C. An saita ƙarfin famfon na birgima zuwa 50%, wanda yayi daidai da saurin 17 cm/s. A matsayin sarrafawa, an ɗauki samfura a cikin tantanin halitta ba tare da maganadisu na dindindin ba.
Awa ɗaya bayan an yi amfani da wani sinadarin MNP, an ɗauki samfurin ruwa daga ɗakin. An auna yawan ƙwayoyin da aka yi amfani da shi ta amfani da na'urar auna haske ta amfani da na'urar auna haske ta Unico 2802S UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Unico Products & Instruments, Amurka). Idan aka yi la'akari da yawan sha na dakatarwar MNP, an yi aunawar a 450 nm.
A bisa ga ka'idojin Rus-LASA-FELASA, dukkan dabbobi ana renon su kuma ana renon su a wasu wurare marasa cututtuka. Wannan binciken ya bi dukkan ƙa'idojin ɗabi'a masu dacewa don gwaje-gwajen dabbobi da bincike, kuma ya sami amincewar ɗabi'a daga Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Almazov (IACUC). Dabbobin suna shan ruwa kuma suna ciyar da su akai-akai.
An gudanar da binciken ne a kan beraye NSG maza 10 da aka yi wa sa barci mai tsanani, waɗanda ba su da isasshen garkuwar jiki, waɗanda suka kai makonni 12 (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, Amurka) 10, masu nauyin 22 g ± 10%. Tunda an danne garkuwar jiki ta berayen da ke da ƙarancin garkuwar jiki, beraye masu ƙarancin garkuwar jiki na wannan layin suna ba da damar dasa ƙwayoyin halitta da kyallen jikin ɗan adam ba tare da an ƙi dasa su ba. An rarraba waɗanda suka fito daga keji daban-daban zuwa ƙungiyar gwaji ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma an haɗa su tare ko kuma an fallasa su ga kayan gado na wasu ƙungiyoyi don tabbatar da daidaito ga ƙwayoyin cuta na gama gari.
Ana amfani da layin ƙwayoyin cutar kansar ɗan adam na HeLa don kafa samfurin xenograft. An haɓaka ƙwayoyin halittar a cikin DMEM wanda ke ɗauke da glutamine (PanEco, Rasha), an ƙara musu 10% na jinin shanu na tayi (Hyclone, Amurka), penicillin 100 CFU/mL, da streptomycin 100 μg/mL. An samar da layin ƙwayoyin ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Gene Expression Regulation na Cibiyar Binciken Kwayoyin Halitta ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha. Kafin allura, an cire ƙwayoyin HeLa daga filastik na al'ada tare da maganin trypsin:Versene 1:1 (Biolot, Rasha). Bayan wankewa, an dakatar da ƙwayoyin a matsakaici zuwa yawan ƙwayoyin 5×106 a kowace 200 μL, sannan aka narkar da su da matrix na membrane na ƙasa (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1:1, akan kankara). An yi allurar dakatarwar ƙwayoyin da aka shirya a ƙarƙashin fata a cikin fatar cinyar linzamin kwamfuta. Yi amfani da na'urorin lantarki don sa ido kan ci gaban ƙari a kowane kwana 3.
Lokacin da ciwon ya kai 500 mm3, an dasa wani abu mai ɗorewa a cikin tsokar dabbar gwaji kusa da ciwon. A cikin ƙungiyar gwaji (MNPs-ICG + tumor-M), an yi allurar 0.1 mL na dakatarwar MNP kuma an fallasa shi ga filin maganadisu. An yi amfani da dabbobin da ba a yi musu magani ba a matsayin masu sarrafawa (bayan gida). Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da dabbobi da aka yi musu allurar 0.1 mL na MNP amma ba a dasa su da maganadisu ba (MNPs-ICG + tumor-BM).
An yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta in vivo da kuma in vitro wajen auna samfurin bioimager na IVIS Lumina LT series III (PerkinElmer Inc., Amurka). Don ganin na'urar hangen nesa ta in vitro, an ƙara girman 1 mL na PLA-EDA-ICG da MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate a cikin rijiyoyin farantin. Idan aka yi la'akari da halayen hasken da ke cikin rini na ICG, an zaɓi mafi kyawun matattara da ake amfani da ita don tantance ƙarfin hasken samfurin: matsakaicin tsawon motsin rai shine 745 nm, kuma tsawon fitar da iska shine 815 nm. An yi amfani da manhajar Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) don auna ƙarfin hasken da ke cikin rijiyoyin da ke ɗauke da haɗin.
An auna ƙarfin hasken da tarin beraye masu siffar ƙari na MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate a cikin in vivo, ba tare da kasancewar da kuma amfani da filin maganadisu a wurin da ake sha'awa ba. An yi wa beraye maganin sa barci da isoflurane, sannan aka yi wa 0.1 mL na haɗin MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate allura ta hanyar jijiya ta wutsiya. An yi amfani da beraye marasa magani a matsayin abin sarrafawa mara kyau don samun asalin haske. Bayan an yi amfani da haɗin ta hanyar jijiya, a sanya dabbar a kan matakin dumama (37°C) a cikin ɗakin hoton hasken IVIS Lumina LT jerin III (PerkinElmer Inc.) yayin da ake shaƙa tare da maganin sa barci na isoflurane 2%. Yi amfani da matatar da aka gina a ciki ta ICG (745–815 nm) don gano sigina minti 1 da mintuna 15 bayan gabatar da MNP.
Domin tantance tarin conjugate a cikin ƙari, an rufe yankin peritoneal na dabbar da takarda, wanda ya ba da damar kawar da haske mai haske da ke da alaƙa da tarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanta. Bayan nazarin rarrabawar MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG ta biodistribution, an kashe dabbobin ta hanyar amfani da maganin isoflurane fiye da kima don raba yankunan ƙari daga baya da kimanta adadi na hasken haske. Yi amfani da software na Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) don sarrafa nazarin sigina da hannu daga yankin da aka zaɓa da ake sha'awa. An ɗauki ma'auni uku ga kowace dabba (n = 9).
A cikin wannan binciken, ba mu ƙididdige nasarar ɗaukar ICG akan MNPs-ICG ba. Bugu da ƙari, ba mu kwatanta ingancin riƙewar ƙwayoyin nano a ƙarƙashin tasirin maganadisu na dindindin na siffofi daban-daban ba. Bugu da ƙari, ba mu kimanta tasirin dogon lokaci na filin maganadisu akan riƙe ƙwayoyin nano a cikin kyallen ƙari ba.
Nanoparticles sun mamaye, tare da matsakaicin girman 195.4 nm. Bugu da ƙari, dakatarwar ta ƙunshi agglomerates tare da matsakaicin girman 1176.0 nm (Hoto na 5A). Daga baya, an tace rabon ta hanyar matatar centrifugal. Ƙarfin zeta na ƙwayoyin shine -15.69 mV (Hoto na 5B).
Hoto na 5 Sifofin jiki na dakatarwar: (A) rarraba girman barbashi; (B) rarraba barbashi a ƙarfin zeta; (C) Hoton TEM na nanoparticles.
Girman barbashi a zahiri shine 200 nm (Hoto na 5C), wanda ya ƙunshi MNP guda ɗaya mai girman 20 nm, da kuma harsashi mai haɗin PLA-EDA-ICG tare da ƙarancin yawan electrons. Ana iya bayanin samuwar agglomerates a cikin ruwan da ke cikin ruwan ta hanyar ƙarancin modulus na ƙarfin electromotive na nanoparticles na mutum ɗaya.
Ga maganadisu na dindindin, lokacin da aka tattara maganadisu a cikin ƙarar V, ana raba maganadisu zuwa haɗin gwiwa guda biyu, wato girma da saman:
Idan aka sami samfurin da ke da ƙarfin maganadisu akai-akai, yawan wutar lantarki sifili ne. Sannan, bayyanar na'urar shigar da maganadisu za ta ɗauki siffar kamar haka:
Yi amfani da shirin MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Amurka) don lissafin lambobi, lambar lasisin ilimi ta ETU "LETI" 40502181.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 7 Hoto na 8 Hoto na 9 Hoto na 10, mafi ƙarfin filin maganadisu ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar maganadisu da aka mayar da hankali a kai daga ƙarshen silinda. Ingancin radius na aiki daidai yake da yanayin maganadisu. A cikin maganadisu masu silinda tare da silinda wanda tsawonsa ya fi diamita, ana lura da mafi ƙarfin filin maganadisu a cikin alkiblar axial-radial (don ɓangaren da ya dace); saboda haka, silinda biyu tare da babban rabo na al'amari (diamita da tsayi) shaƙar MNP shine mafi inganci.
Hoto na 7. Sashen ƙarfin induction na maganadisu Bz tare da ma'aunin Oz na maganadisu; girman maganadisu na yau da kullun: layin baƙi 0.5×2mm, layin shuɗi 2×2mm, layin kore 3×2mm, layin ja 5×2mm.
Hoto na 8. Sashen shigar da maganadisu Br yana daidai da ma'aunin maganadisu Oz; girman maganadisu na yau da kullun: layin baƙi 0.5×2mm, layin shuɗi 2×2mm, layin kore 3×2mm, layin ja 5×2mm.
Hoto na 9. Ƙarfin ƙarfin maganadisu na Bz a nisan r daga ƙarshen magnita (z=0); girman maganadisu na yau da kullun: layin baƙi 0.5×2mm, layin shuɗi 2×2mm, layin kore 3×2mm, layin ja 5×2mm.
Hoto na 10 Sashen shigar da maganadisu ta hanyar radial; girman maganadisu na yau da kullun: layin baƙi 0.5×2mm, layin shuɗi 2×2mm, layin kore 3×2mm, layin ja 5×2mm.
Ana iya amfani da samfuran hydrodynamic na musamman don nazarin hanyar isar da MNP ga kyallen ƙari, tattara ƙwayoyin nano a yankin da aka nufa, da kuma tantance halayen ƙwayoyin nano a ƙarƙashin yanayin hydrodynamic a cikin tsarin zagayawa. Ana iya amfani da maganadisu na dindindin azaman filayen maganadisu na waje. Idan muka yi watsi da hulɗar magnetostatic tsakanin ƙwayoyin nano kuma ba mu yi la'akari da samfurin ruwan maganadisu ba, ya isa a kimanta hulɗar tsakanin maganadisu da ƙwayar nano guda ɗaya tare da kimanin dipole-dipole.
Inda m shine lokacin maganadisu na maganadisu, r shine radius vector na wurin da nanoparticle yake, kuma k shine tsarin factor. A cikin kimanin dipole, filin maganadisu yana da tsari iri ɗaya (Hoto na 11).
A cikin filin maganadisu iri ɗaya, ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta suna juyawa ne kawai tare da layin ƙarfi. A cikin filin maganadisu mara iri ɗaya, ƙarfi yana aiki akansa:
Ina ne tushen wani alkibla l yake. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin yana jan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa cikin yankunan da ba su daidaita ba na filin, wato, lanƙwasa da yawan layukan ƙarfi suna ƙaruwa.
Saboda haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da maganadisu mai ƙarfi (ko sarkar maganadisu) tare da anisotropy a bayyane a yankin da ƙwayoyin ke.
Tebur 1 yana nuna ikon maganadisu ɗaya a matsayin isasshen tushen filin maganadisu don kamawa da riƙe MNP a cikin gadon jijiyoyin jini na filin aikace-aikacen.